The Washi, treasure of Japanese handcrafted paper

The washi, traditional Japanese paper, is much more than just writing medium. A result of an ancestral know-how passed on for more than 1300 years, it embodies both the history, culture and aesthetics of Japan. This paper, made from carefully selected vegetable fibres, is renowned for its strength, unique texture and timeless elegance. Used both in calligraphy and in architecture or craftsmanship, it is a symbol of the finesse and durability of Japanese art. Let’s dive into the universe of Washi, a living heritage that continues to inspire artists and artisans around the world.

Origin and History of Washi

The Washi found its roots in the seventh century, when it was introduced into Japan from China and Korea. During the reign of Prince Shôtoku (574-622), papermaking was developed to meet the needs of the imperial court and Buddhist temples, particularly for the reproduction of sutras.

It was at this time that the first manufacturing techniques that were perfected over the centuries emerged. Monasteries and artisans have refined methods to produce a paper of exceptional quality, appreciated for its strength and flexibility. Washi has become an essential part of Japanese culture, used not only for writing and printing, but also in art and architecture.

The main Washi production regions

Washi is now made in several parts of Japan, each developing its own techniques and specialties.

• Echizen (Fukui Prefecture): Considered one of the cradles of Washi, Echizen has been producing high quality paper for over 1500 years. The Okamoto shrine, dedicated to the protective deity of paper, bears witness to this long tradition.
• Mino (Gifu Prefecture): Famous for his washi of exceptional finesse, used in Japanese prints and restoration of works of art.
• Tosa (Kochi Prefecture): Produces a durable and flexible washi, used especially for lanterns and shade days.
• Iyo (Ehime Prefecture): Known for making paper with various textures, used in packaging and handicrafts.

Making the Washi: an artisanal process

The Washi manufacturing process is based on traditional methods that require patience and know-how. Unlike western paper made from wood pulp, washi is made from long vegetable fibres, giving it exceptional strength.

Selection of raw materials

The fibers used to make washi come from several plants:

• The paper mulberry (kôzo): The most common fiber, known for its robustness and durability.
• The mitsumata: Appreciated for its softness and satin appearance.
• The ganpi: Produces a particularly fine and translucent paper.

Manufacturing steps

1. Fiber harvesting and preparation
   The paper mulberry branches are harvested in winter, then boiled to extract the fibres. The latter are then beaten to soften their texture.
2. Washing and natural bleaching
   The fibres are washed with clear water, often in mountain rivers, and then exposed to the sun for natural bleaching.
3. Mixing and sieving
   They are then mixed with water and a natural substance calledneri, extracted from the root of tororo-aoi, which allows to obtain a homogeneous texture. The mixture is then sieved using a wooden frame (su), in a regular and precise movement that gives the washi its unique structure.
4. Drying
   Paper sheets are pressed to remove excess water, then dried in open air on wooden boards.

Traditional uses of washi

Washi is a versatile material used in many aspects of Japanese culture.

• Calligraphy and printingThanks to its absorbent texture, washi is used for writing and printing sacred texts, as well as for ukiyo-e prints.
• Origami and decorative artsIts flexibility allows for complex folding and decorative objects such as shoji (paper walls).
• Kamikiri and Kirie: Paper cutting techniques used in traditional Japanese art.
• Packaging and everyday objects: It is also used to make boxes, lanterns and fans.

Washi in architecture and interior decoration

Washi is a key element of traditional Japanese architecture. It is used to cover sliding doorsshoji, which let the light pass while preserving privacy.

Screensbyobuand the washi shade days create a soft and soothing atmosphere, typical of Japanese interiors. Today, contemporary designers also integrate washi into modern creations, such as luminaires or high-end wallpapers.

A threatened but preserved craft

Despite its cultural importance, the Washi today faces several challenges. The modernization of production techniques and the popularity of industrial paper have led to a decline in the number of skilled craftsmen.

However, many initiatives are aimed at preserving this ancestral art. In 2014, UNESCO listed three types of traditional washi (Echizen, Mino and Tosa) as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity. This recognition has made it possible to enhance this know-how and encourage new generations to perpetuate this craft.

Where to Discover and Buy Washi in Japan

For craft enthusiasts, there are several places to learn more about making washi and to acquire unique pieces.

• Washi-no-Sato village in Echizen: This centre brings together workshops where it is possible to observe artisans at work and try to make paper.
• The Washi Museum in Mino: A space dedicated to the history and manufacturing techniques of the Washi.
• Specialty shops in Kyoto and Tokyo: Many shops offer a wide range of hand-crafted papers for writing, origami and decoration.

Washi is much more than just paper: it is a living testimony to Japanese craftsmanship, an expression of elegance and refinement that goes through the centuries. Whether through art, architecture or decoration, it continues to inspire and seduce by its timeless beauty. For those passionate about Japan, discovering the Washi is an essential part of Japanese culture, between tradition and innovation.

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